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A metal layer along pyramidal QDs directs the emitted light downwards. FDTD simulation technique was adopted for the simulation and has been shown to be suitable for partial discharge simulation of power cables in terms of. Second, downward light extraction is enhanced by coupling between the source and an optical fiber with a metal mirror. FDTD simulation predicts 8 times increase a light intensity and 3 times increase in light extraction efficiency at 450 nm emission wavelength and numerical aperture of 0.5. An immersion lens on top of site-controlled QDs, fabricated by two photon polymerization, extracts and focuses emitted light from QDs. FDTD Features FDTD Tutorials OptiFDTD enables you to design, analyze and test modern passive and nonlinear photonic components for wave propagation, scattering, reflection, diffraction, polarization and nonlinear phenomena. In this thesis, two approaches based on finite-difference time-domain (FDTD) simulations are proposed as upper and lower side light extraction.įirst, upward light extraction is enhanced by using an immersion lens. Even though epitaxially grown three dimensional pyramidal structures exhibit the increase in light extraction, it is still required to have higher efficiency to applications. For example, Stranski-Krastanov growth mode QDs grown in planar structures have difficulties in extracting light due to total internal reflection. Despite the advantages, QDs still struggle in achieving unity extraction efficiency, which is a prerequisite for their applications. In particular, III-N semiconductor QDs have potential advantages of scalability and current-driven operation at room temperature because of their small size, p-type doping and large valence band offset energy. Semiconductor quantum dots (QDs) as a quantum emitter can generate single photons which can deliver quantum information. Its realization for a site-controlled III-nitride pyramidal QDs is expected to have a potential application in quantum communication, quantum cryptography. transmittance of electrode) of the device thus we can research and demonstrate the electrode structures or each layers of the device.FDTD simulation predicts a single mode coupling efficiency of 48 %.įDTD simulation predicts that extraction efficiency of QDs on pyramids in upper and lower direction is improved. The optical simulation tool is used to analyze the optical characteristics (cavity effect, far-field intensity, plasmonic effect, cavity effect vs. To solve these problems, we research highly flexible oxide-based multilayer TCEs that has superior optical and electrical characteristic and apply them as OLED and OPV electrodes to optimize trade-off relationship between optical transmittance and sheet resistance and enhance the light extraction efficiency. However, the power conversion efficiency (PCE) of flexible OPVs is much lower than that of rigid OPVs because of a lack of flexible transparent electrodes with good conductivities. To date, there has been numerous attempts to improve the efficiency of OPVs through the development of transparent conductive electrodes (TCEs), optimal device structures, interface engineering methods, electron transport layers (ETL) and hole transport layers (HTL) to facilitate work function (WF) matching of electrodes. The Finite-Difference Time-Domain Method (FDTD) The Finite-Difference Time-Domain method (FDTD) is today’s one of the most popular technique for the solution of electromagnetic problems. A lot of efforts are paid to enhance the light extraction efficiency such as patterning the electrodes or optimizing the structure of the device, but the performance are still behind from inorganic LED.Īs the demand of watches, fabric of apparel, and glasses has been increased, organic photovoltaics (OPV) has received dramatic attention because of the favorable characteristics such as low cost, ease of manufacture, and low weight.
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However, the light from the emission layer are extracted only 20% because the light loss is derived from the surface plasmon polariton mode and wave-guide mode. Due to these advantages of OLEDS, considerable attentions and efforts are paid from numerous companies and researchers.
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So by using the OLEDs, we can make the display thinner with higher contrast ratio, faster response time, and wider viewing angle and can be applied as flexible and transparent display device. Organic light-emitting diodes (OLEDs) is the display device that emits the light from the organic emitting layer.